一般企业出口时，在进行济南集装箱的装柜过程中主要担心的是货物数据错误、货物损坏和数据与报关数据不符合，从而导致海关不会放行。因此，在装柜前，发货人、仓库、货代必须协调周到，以避免这种情况的发生。

When general enterprises export, the main concerns during the loading process of Jinan containers are incorrect cargo data, cargo damage, and data that does not match the customs declaration data, resulting in customs not being able to release them. Therefore, before loading the container, the shipper, warehouse, and freight forwarder must coordinate carefully to avoid this situation.

1.不同形状、不同包装的货物尽可能不要装在一起；

1. Goods of different shapes and packaging should not be packed together as much as possible;

2.从包装中会渗出灰尘、液体、潮气、臭气等的货物，尽可能不要与其他货物放在一起。“不得已的情况下，就要用帆布、塑料薄膜或其他材料隔开。”

2. Goods that may exude dust, liquid, moisture, odor, etc. from the packaging should not be placed together with other goods as much as possible. If necessary, use canvas, plastic film, or other materials to separate them

3.重量轻的货物放在重量相对较重的货物上面；

3. Place lightweight goods on top of relatively heavier ones;

4.包装强度弱的货物要放在包装强度强的货物上面；

4. Goods with weak packaging strength should be placed on top of goods with strong packaging strength;

5.液体类货物和清洁类货物要尽量放在其他货物下面；

5. Liquid goods and clean goods should be placed under other goods as much as possible;

6.带有尖角或有突出部分的货物，需将其遮盖，以避免将其他货物损坏。

6. Goods with sharp corners or protruding parts need to be covered to avoid damage to other goods.

此外集装箱货物的现场装箱作业通常有三种方法：即全部用人力装箱、用叉式装卸车（铲车）搬进箱内，再用人力堆装和全部用机械装箱，如货板（托盘）货用叉式装卸车在箱内堆装。

In addition, there are usually three methods for on-site container loading operations: manual loading, forklift loading and unloading, manual stacking, and mechanical loading. For example, pallet loading and unloading can be done by forklift loading and unloading.

1.任何情况下货物装柜时，箱内所装货物重量不能超过集装箱的大装载量，即集装箱总量减去集装箱的自重所得。一般情况下，总重和自重都会标在集装箱的箱门上。

1. In any case, when loading goods into a container, the weight of the goods inside the container cannot exceed the maximum loading capacity of the container, which is obtained by subtracting the total weight of the container from its own weight. In general, the total weight and self weight are marked on the door of the container.

2.每个集装箱的单位容重是一定的，因此在箱内装载同种货物时，只要知道货物密度，就可以断定出是重货还是轻货。成琪玮表示，如果货物密度大于箱的单位容重就是重货，反之则为轻货。及时并明确区分这两种不同的情况，对提高装箱效率很重要。

2. The unit weight of each container is fixed, so when loading the same type of cargo inside the container, as long as the density of the cargo is known, it can be determined whether it is heavy or light cargo. Cheng Qiwei stated that if the density of the goods is greater than the unit weight of the box, it is considered heavy goods, and vice versa, it is considered light goods. Timely and clear distinction between these two different situations is crucial for improving packing efficiency.

3.装载时要使箱底上的负荷平衡，特别要严格禁止负荷偏在一端的情况。

3. When loading, the load on the bottom of the box should be balanced, and it is strictly prohibited to have the center of gravity of the load deviate from one end.

4.避免产生集中载荷。“如在装载机械设备等重货时，箱底应铺上木板等衬垫材料，尽量分散其负荷。

4. Avoid generating concentrated loads. When loading heavy goods such as machinery and equipment, the bottom of the box should be covered with lining materials such as wooden boards to disperse the load as much as possible.

5.使用人力装货时要注意包装上有无“不可倒置”、“平放”、“竖放”等装卸指示标志。务必正确使用装货工具，捆包货禁止使用手钩。箱内所装的货物要装载整齐、紧密堆装。容易散捆和包装脆弱的货物，要使用衬垫或在货物间插入胶合板，防止货物在箱内移动。

5. When using manual loading, attention should be paid to whether there are loading and unloading instructions such as "not to invert", "flat", and "vertical" on the packaging. Be sure to use the loading tools correctly, and it is prohibited to use hand hooks for bundled goods. The goods inside the box should be neatly loaded and tightly stacked. Goods that are prone to loose bundling and fragile packaging should be cushioned or plywood inserted between the goods to prevent them from moving inside the box.

6.装载货板货时，要确切掌握集装箱内部尺寸和货物包装的外部尺寸，以便计算装载件数，以达到尽量减少弃位、多装货物的目的。

6. When loading pallet cargo, it is necessary to accurately grasp the internal dimensions of the container and the external dimensions of the cargo packaging, in order to calculate the number of loaded pieces and achieve the goal of minimizing waste and loading more cargo as much as possible.

另外，一般用普通起重量为2吨的叉式装卸车，其自由提升高度为1250px左右。但还有一种是全自由提升高度的叉式装卸车，这种机械只要箱内高度允许，就不受门架起升高度的影响，且能很方便地堆装两层货物。此外，还应注意货物下面应铺有垫木，以便使货叉能顺利抽出。

In addition, forklifts with a normal lifting capacity of 2 tons are generally used, and their free lifting height is about 1250px. But there is also a fully free lifting forklift, which is not affected by the lifting height of the gantry as long as the height inside the box allows, and can easily stack two layers of goods. In addition, it should also be noted that there should be wooden mats placed under the goods to ensure that the forks can be pulled out smoothly.

货物好不要裸装，起码要有包装，不要一味的为节省空间而导致货物受损。一般的货物也都会有包装，只有比如大件的机器如锅炉、建材之类的会比较麻烦，必须要捆扎、绑紧以防止松动。其实只要仔细认真，也不会出太大的问题。更多相关内容就来我们网站http://www.jnpkjzx.com咨询！

Goods should not be packed naked, at least they should have packaging, and should not be damaged solely to save space. General goods also come with packaging, but large machines such as boilers and building materials are more troublesome and must be tied tightly to prevent loosening. In fact, as long as you are careful and serious, there won't be too big a problem. For more related content, come to our website http://www.jnpkjzx.com consulting service